The construction of an underground railway was once again on the agenda. In 1923, the Moscow City Council formed the Underground Railway Design Office at the Moscow Board of Urban Railways (Trams). They carried out preliminary studies and by 1928 had developed a project for the first route from Sokolniki to the city centre. A long period of technical examinations and coordination began during which it became clear that the projects developed were not adequate to meet the city’s needs. In July 1931 the critical situation of public transport was considered at a plenary session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party. A decision was taken “to start immediately the development of a project for underground railways to provide adequate and cheap transport for the public”. A new body called the State Construction Department for the Design and Building of the Moscow Metropolitan Underground Railway (Metrostroy) was set up on 23 September under the terms of this decision. The development of a new project began.

From the very start Metrostroy came up against great difficulties because the development of the reconstruction plan for Moscow had not yet been completed. Since there was no time to wait, the designers of the general metro layout were forced to rely on the results of topographic and geological studies of the Moscow underground combining them with those directives of the Moscow reconstruction plan which were then available. Preliminary studies of the city showed that the most intelligent solution would be the development of an initial laying of lines to correspond to Moscow’s radial-circular layout. To ease pressure on overloaded surface transport, the underground routes were to be constructed in parallel with those on the surface. In January 1932 the plan of the first lines was approved and on 21 March 1933 the Soviet Government approved a layout of 10 lines with a total route length of 80 km.
The first 11.6 km route was to provide a service from Sokolniki to Krymskaya Square branching from Okhotny Ryad to Smolenskaya Square. By the end of 1933 Metrostroy employed 36,000 people while by the middle of the following year this figure had grown to 75,000.
Work was done mainly by hand since there was a shortage of pneumatic hammers and a lack of rock loaders.

The First Train

At the end of 1934, with the Severnoye depot still under construction, the first two cars were delivered there. The motor car, No. 1, was red and the second trailer car, No. 1001, was the color of sand. They became known as “A” stock.

On 15 October these cars were used on test runs of one of the tracks between Komsomolskaya and Sokolniki. Testing of the second track began in January 1935.

On 4 February 1935 the first train ran along the whole route and two days later delegates of the Seventh All Union Congress of Soviets became honorary metro passengers. Trains began regular trial runs on 19 February. Thousands of the most distinguished workers from the city’s enterprises were invited to travel in the metro during the trial runs.

Simultaneously, efforts were concentrated on checking and tuning the automatic interlocking systems, traction and step-down substations and local control centres. Train crews checked the profile of the route, the positioning of signalling devices and defined the correct operation mode of trains, while the station staff studied all the technical devices which made up the station equipment.

On 14 May 1935 a gala meeting dedicated to the start of the metro operations was held in the Column House of Unions. Several workers received awards for the successful construction of the metro. The Moscow Komsomol organisation was awarded the Order of Lenin. The metro became part of the People’s Railway Commissariat of the USSR and was named after L.M.Kaganovich, the People’s Commissar.
Hundreds of Muscovites spent the night of 15 May 1935 at the doors of the stations to be the first passengers, and at 7 a.m. the metro was opened for public use.

 source:  link

Established in 1999, LinuxWorld Conference & Expo ® is the premier event for the Linux and open source community, bringing together industry leaders shaping the future of new enterprise technology in the largest single gathering of business and technical leaders deploying Linux and open source solutions.

As the world’s most comprehensive marketplace for open source products and services, LinuxWorld provides business decision-makers with information and resources to implement Linux and open source solutions into business infrastructure and enterprise networks. The annual event features presentations by leading technology experts and innovative IT executives, multiple conference tracks that provide attendees with a full spectrum of best practices and emerging trends, and an Expo floor filled with Linux and open source vendors.

Linux World Moscow
Date: 05-AUG-08 to 07-AUG-08Linux World Moscow is the world’s leading trade show and conference for management and IT professionals, to learn about Linux & open source applications, solutions, ROI and Total Cost of Ownership. It provides the powerful combination of education and vendors.
Venue: Gostiny Dvor, Moscow, Moskva, Russia.
Event Profile:
Linux World Moscow is the world’s leading trade show and conference for management and IT professionals, to learn about Linux & open source applications, solutions, ROI and Total Cost of Ownership. It provides the powerful combination of education and vendors.
Highlights:
The number of visitors for LinuxWorld: 1258, Rich conference programme including: 8 panel sessions, and IBM seminar Linux Solutions in Russian companies.
Visitor’s Profile:
The visitors of the exhibition are mainly the top-management of different companies, leading financial, banking and insuring sector, IT-specialists, state and industrial structures representatives. The exhibition is oriented on IT-managers, network specialists and system administrators, i.e. on those involved in systems usage based on the open code.
Exhibitor’s Profile:
Exhibitor include IT managers, C-level executives, developers, system administrators, decision makers and leaders in system integration, financial services, manufacturing, retail, telecommunications.
Organizer:
IDG World Expo
3, Speen Street, Suite 320,
Boston, United States Of America.
Tel: +(1)-(508)-8796700
Fax: +(1)-(508)-6206668

To arrange air tickets, visa support documents, visa processing or accommodations please, click here or call 212.480.2233.

The mood in the Russia camp was positively bullish following their 2-0 victory against Sweden, Diniyar Bilyaletdinov insisting that, with progress to the UEFA EURO 2008™ quarter-finals assured, they are now planning on staying in Austria-Switzerland until the end of the month.Arshavin praise
Appearing for the first time at these finals following a two-match suspension, Andrei Arshavin inspired the requisite victory in Innsbruck to set up a mouth-watering tie with the Netherlands. His astute pass instigated the move that led to Roman Pavlyuchenko’s 24th-minute opener and the No10 then launched and sealed the flowing move which rubber-stamped second place in Group D. It was a performance that did not go unnoticed among his team-mates. “Arshavin put on a superb show,” said Yuri Zhirkov, who set up the No10’s strike five minutes after the break. “He was a true leader. We were thinking only of victory and we won on merit. When Arshavin scored the second goal, we realised we would not let go of this victory. Now we have to have revenge on the Dutch for the 4-1 friendly defeat.”

Bilyaletdinov bullish
That loss in February of last year was a fairly rare, pre-tournament indication of what was to come from the Netherlands as an attacking force, though Bilyaletdinov underlined the pitfalls of Dutch complacency. “They beat us 4-1 when we last played, so they possibly have it in their heads that Russia are not to be taken seriously. We must take advantage of this. Now we want more than just qualification from the group. We don’t want to go home until 30 June, but it won’t be any easier from now on.”

Recuperation time
This last point was echoed by captain Sergei Semak, who admitted that “the Dutch have made the best impression at the tournament”. With just two days to recuperate before Saturday’s quarter-final in Basel, Russia could have done with an easy run-out against Sweden; not wholly unsurprisingly, with their opponents needing only a point to finish second ahead of Russia, they did not get it. “I don’t think it was easy at all; we spent a lot of energy and emotion on this match,” admitted Semak. “We are very happy to have qualified but there’s no euphoria, we need to prepare for the next match. The most important thing is to recover. We get less time to do it, but I am sure we will recover in time and then we’ll see what we can do.”

 source: EURO 2008

Date of birth: 8 November 1946
Nationality: Dutch
Playing career: SC Varsseveld, De Graafschap (three times), PSV Eindhoven, NEC Nijmegen, Washington Diplomats, San Jose Earthquakes
Coaching career: De Graafschap, PSV Eindhoven (assistant), PSV, Fenerbahçe SK, Valencia CF, Netherlands, Real Madrid CF, Real Betis Balompié, Korea Republic, PSV, Australia, Russia 

The Russian press had dubbed Guus Hiddink a coaching wizard long before a magical sequence of results conspired to send his side to UEFA EURO 2008™. Winger Yuri Zhirkov said: “What else can you call him, given that he has taken so many teams to World Cups and European Championships?”

Hired in April 2006 after winning another Dutch title with PSV Eindhoven and before taking unfancied Australia to the knockout stages of the FIFA World Cup, the Dutchman – who signed a new two-and-a-half year deal in March – had previously steered the Netherlands and Korea Republic to World Cup semi-finals in 1998 and 2002 respectively. He returned to Eindhoven for 2002/03 and proved his Midas touch had not deserted him at club level either, winning the championship in his first term back at the PSV Stadion, adding a Dutch double in 2004/05 and running AC Milan all the way in an enthralling UEFA Champions League semi-final. The domestic crown was successfully defended in 2005/06, by which time Hiddink was also working with Australia, who he guided to the World Cup last 16 before a last-gasp penalty against Italy ended their hopes.

It was all a far cry from his undistinguished playing career, encompassing spells at SC Varsseveld, De Graafschap, PSV, NEC Nijmegen, Washington Diplomats and San Jose Earthquakes. As a coach, he joined the PSV set-up under Jan Reker and Hans Kraay, taking sole charge in March 1987 and piloting the club to three Dutch titles and a defeat of SL Benfica in the 1988 European Champion Clubs’ Cup final. Stints with some of Europe’s leading teams - Fenerbahçe SK, Valencia CF, Real Madrid CF and Real Betis Balompié, with the Netherlands job in between – further enhanced his reputation before he accepted the Korean challenge in 2001.

source here

You can charter a yacht in St. Raphael Marina in Limassol. There are plenty of nightclubs, shops, and restaurants scattered all over the area. You can also take a look at Hala Sultan Tekke, which is a large mosque worshiped by countless Muslims all over the world. Moreover, go hiking in either Troodos or Ayia Napa. If you wish to add scuba diving to your list of activities, you can ride a ferry to Zenobia.

Paphos can give you several alternatives for sailing in Cyprus. For one, you can take a look at Petra tou Romiou, or Aphrodite’s Rock, considered being the birthplace of the godess Aphrodite. While docking your yacht in the harbor, you can explore the ruins of Saranta Kolones. There are also several very nice beach resorts such as the Latchi Beach. The Byzantine Museum gives you an overview of the culture and life of the inhabitants of Cyprus since 12th to 20th century. For nature lovers, Akamas Peninsula is a good pick. It has countless unspoiled areas, such as the sandy bays. The mountains are made up of deep gorges and vast expanse of landscapes. Sailing in Cyprus will be even more worthy if you stay in the villas of Pomos. This is a nice village located near the sea and at the foot of Troodos. There are plenty of bars and shops found all over the area, as well as grocery stores. You can also easily trek through the mountains of Paphos anytime.

Find more information on sailing in Cyprus and sailing Croatia here. In this website you can find information on sailing charter from other parts of the world.

Not all of the visitors come for the camping or for hiking across the park though, many come to soak up the history and culture the areas towns and villages have to offer for those caring to look for it.

One of the towns in the area is Bakewell in Derbyshire and it is right in the heart of the Peak District, is a small and extremely beautiful market town. The town is situated on the River Wye and from the historical point of view the five arched bridge which dates back to the 13th century is still open to traffic. Due to increase in traffic over the centuries it was widened in the 19th century.

There is a lot of history to Bakewell that a lot of people don’t know about, the town its self has even been mentioned in the Doomsday book as having two priests a church which signified importance all those centuries ago. The local grammar school was founded in 1637 by the marriage between Sir George Manners and Grace Pierrepont and the school is known as Lady Manners School.

The local church, All Saints Parish of which the majority stands now, dates back to the 13th and 14th centuries, with fragments of Norman and Saxon stonework, again like the bridge considerable restoration work took place in the 19th century. The church is low and broad with an octagonal tower giving grace to the beautiful spire.

There used to be in the centre of Bakewell the White Horse Inn, which has been replaced by The Rutland Arms Hotel, with some other various buildings being demolished in 1805, to form Rutland Square.

Centuries ago, these would of catered for coach travellers who passed through the town, and it has always been reputed for the connection to Jane Austin, who was reported to have stayed at this hotel, whilst writing Pride and Prejudice, and that Lambton in the book has been identified as Bakewell.

Another truly great invention happened by accident at the hotel, and that is the famous Bakewell pudding known throughout all of the UK. The story is told, that when the cook misinterpreted the baking instructions, and pored the egg mixture over the jam instead of adding to the pastry what should have been a tart had now become a pudding.

There are numerous shops in the town centre where these puddings can be purchased.

The old house museum is interesting to visit. Bakewell Historical Society restored this in 1955, the museum has fourteen beamed rooms which offers the chance to view, a Victorian Kitchen, drapers shop, a wheelwright, a smithy, and many other various rooms. There are many other rooms containing, china, toys, lace, and photographs. Visiting the museum gives you the chance to learn more about Bakewell’s history.

Bakewell in the peak district is at the southern end of the Pennines in Central England, there are thousands of people who visit this beautiful area every year, probably making it the second most popular National Park in England.

There is a lot of history in the area so if you are visiting on a Peak District Holidays adventure make sure you leave enough time to explore some of the local towns and villages as well.

Who says you will run out of places to go to in Finland? Also, the country can offer you more options to your next yacht charter. This could mean an exciting sailing vacation on your part. With Finland’s gift of nature, every visitor will have the time of his life.
The best season to visit Finland is in summer. As the snow melts and the sun rises up so high, the waters of the lakes become even more inviting to those who have always wanted the most fantastic vacation, such as sailing in Finland. For example, the rivers, coasts, as well as lakes, become perfect venues for sailing, yachting, or canoeing. The tundra and the rest of the floras are noteworthy if you want to hike with your families and friends. If you have a special love for horses, you can add to your vacation horse-back riding activities.

You should not miss in your list of places to visit the Aland archipelago, which is a haven for people who love to ride a yacht or boat during their vacation. You may also want to spend at least one night in Valamo to enjoy a summer opera.

There are many different modes of transportation in Finland, but if you have some extra money to spare, go for a boat or a yacht. There are many yachting companies in the country that offer rental services. You can charter boats or yachts up to 1 month.

It is also a favorite among tourists who love the presence of lakes, rivers, and seas. All these are perfect if you want to go sailing in Finland.

Find more information on sailing in Finland and Caribbean sailing here. In this website you can find information on yacht charter from other parts of the world.

On the shining south shore of Maui, Hawaii, Wailea Beach is a golden crescent beach, shielded at each point, making the calm waters within calm and swimmer friendly. The beach is flat, perfect for sunbathing. The sunsets are unparalleled, the golf is close by and the swimming is fantastic.

Every winter 80 per cent of the world’s humpback whale population swim 3000 miles from Alaska to bask in the warm, shallow waters off the Hawaiian coast. Wailea is the ideal place to see them. You can take a whale-watching kayak from Lahaina Harbor if you want a closer look.

Hotels, condos, and home rentals are in good supply in Maui. A big crowd of vacationers would prefer and demand luxury. It’s their vacation after all, to some it’s a once in a lifetime opportunity so make the most out of it. Rentals vary from really pricey condos and hotel rooms to affordable guest cottages and even economical house rentals. When you go with the more expensive ones, you are assured of professional services that are really top of the line. More on Maui vacation home that you can rent during your holiday in Maui.

When looking for the best vacation rentals Maui offers in central Maui, check out Wailuku, which is poised for a resurgence. The town has its own antiques alleys, Sig Zane Designs has brought a delightful infusion of creative and cultural energy, and a major promenade on Main Street is in the works. The Kaahumanu Center, in neighboring Kahului, is becoming more fashionable by the month.

There are many advantages of hiring Maui vacation rentals for family vacations or for romantic getaways. The vacation rentals are completely furnished, have all amenities of home and are definitely more roomy than hotel rooms. Maui vacation condo rentals that offer breathtaking views of the ocean and the beaches are immensely popular with tourists. They offer privacy, are secure, have outdoor swimming pools and the beaches are but a few minutes away from them. Check out Maui Beach Vacation Club for more info on Maui vacation rentals.

One of the most expensive aspects of traveling is often the cost of the flight. Many people look around for Cheap Tickets but are unaware of hidden charges and associated fees that could bump the price of the seemingly great value flight up by a considerable amount. However, by being vigilant and asking the right questions, you can make sure that your cheap flight will not end up costing you as much if not more than the regular price.

Since the Internet revolution kicked in over a decade ago, searching for and booking a cheap flight online has become one of the most popular ways of making travel arrangements. There are certainly many benefits to this. You can browse details, compare prices and book a great cheap flight in no time at all and without even having to set foot outside your front door. Secure booking systems mean that you can have peace of mind when paying for your transaction online as well. However, as this means that you are doing the leg work yourself, it is up to you to ensure that you are not going to be landed with an assortment of unexpected costs.

You should always check that the price of Low Air Fares you are given includes taxes, VAT and any supplementary fees that may apply. If you are in any doubt about whether or not these charges have already been added to the cheap flight price, contact the online company via e-mail or phone and double check. Make sure that you keep a copy of the e-mail response or take a name if you speak to a staff member by phone in case you do receive any additional charges at a later date.

Most online travel companies are quite clear about the charges that have already been added and ones that are still due to be added. You should therefore have no problem estimating the total cost of your flight. You can get a cheap flight to almost any country in the world these days, and you will find a variety of sites offering some excellent deals and special packages.